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Method & Basis Explainer

Student-friendly cards for common methods, basis sets, and job types.

Functional

B3LYP

Best for: General organic molecules, geometry optimization
Watch out: Misses dispersion without D3; slow for large systems
Typical use: Opt + Freq, small/medium organics
Recommended pairing: B3LYP-D3 + def2-TZVP
Functional

PBE0

Best for: Balanced accuracy, transition metals
Watch out: May underbind noncovalent systems
Typical use: Single points on optimized geometries
Recommended pairing: PBE0-D3 + def2-TZVP
Functional

wB97X-D

Best for: Noncovalent interactions, TS screening
Watch out: Heavier for large systems
Typical use: Dispersion-sensitive studies
Recommended pairing: wB97X-D + def2-TZVP
Functional

M06-2X

Best for: Main-group thermochemistry, kinetics
Watch out: Sometimes inconsistent for metals
Typical use: Energetics, barriers
Recommended pairing: M06-2X + def2-TZVP
Basis

6-31G(d)

Best for: Quick optimizations
Watch out: Limited for anions and dispersion
Typical use: Initial structure relaxation
Recommended pairing: B3LYP + 6-31G(d)
Basis

6-31+G(d,p)

Best for: Anions, lone pairs
Watch out: Still modest for high accuracy
Typical use: Charge-sensitive SP calculations
Recommended pairing: B3LYP-D3 + 6-31+G(d,p)
Basis

def2-SVP

Best for: Fast screening
Watch out: Not ideal for final energies
Typical use: Initial geometry scans
Recommended pairing: PBE0 + def2-SVP
Basis

def2-TZVP

Best for: Production-quality results
Watch out: Higher cost
Typical use: Final single points
Recommended pairing: wB97X-D + def2-TZVP
Job Type

Opt

Best for: Finding equilibrium geometry
Watch out: May converge to local minima
Typical use: Structural optimization
Recommended pairing: Opt + Freq
Job Type

Freq

Best for: Vibrational analysis
Watch out: Sensitive to basis choice
Typical use: Confirm minima / TS
Recommended pairing: Opt + Freq
Job Type

SP

Best for: Single point energies
Watch out: No geometry change
Typical use: Energy refinement
Recommended pairing: SP on optimized geometry